國家衛生研究院 NHRI:Item 3990099045/12479
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    题名: Potential risk of higenamine misuse in sports: Evaluation of lotus plumule extract products and a human study
    作者: Yen, CC;Tung, CW;Chang, CW;Tsai, CC;Hsu, MC;Wu, YT
    贡献者: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
    摘要: Since 2017, higenamine has been added to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) prohibited list as a beta2-agonist prohibited at all times for sportspersons. According to WADA's report, positive cases of higenamine misuse have been increasing yearly. However, higenamine occurs naturally in the Chinese herb lotus plumule-the green embryo of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) seeds-commercially available as concentrated powder on the Asian market. This study evaluated the major phytochemical components of lotus plumule products using an appropriate extraction method, followed by a human study in which the products were orally administered in multiple doses to investigate the risk of doping violations. Comparing various extraction methods revealed that optimized microwave-assisted extraction exhibited the highest extraction efficiency (extraction time, 26 min; power, 1046 W; and temperature, 120 degrees C). Subsequently, the alkaloids in lotus plumule products were quantitatively confirmed and compared. Human study participants (n = 6) consumed 0.8 g of lotus plumule (equivalent to 679.6 mug of higenamine) three times daily for three consecutive days. All participants' urinary higenamine concentrations exceeded the WADA reporting cut-off of 10.0 ng/mL. Accordingly, lotus plumule consumption may engender adverse analytical findings regarding higenamine. Athletes should avoid consuming lotus plumule-containing products during in- and out-of-competition periods.
    日期: 2020-01-21
    關聯: Nutrients. 2020 Jan 21;12(2):Article number 285.
    Link to: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020285
    JIF/Ranking 2023: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=NHRI&SrcApp=NHRI_IR&KeyISSN=2072-6643&DestApp=IC2JCR
    Cited Times(WOS): https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000522458700012
    Cited Times(Scopus): https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85078314298
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