Efficacy and safety are two of the key challenges in vaccine and immunotherapy technology. To these ends, one needs to strengthen manipulating and to deepen understanding the immune system. Our research group works at the interface of materials science and immunology. This chapter reviews research on the engineering of amphiphilic bioresorbable polymers as a promising strategy for the delivery of vaccine antigens and/or immunostimulatory molecules. This review also featured different model systems for studying and understanding the properties of the bioresorbable polymers interacting with immune cells as well as the roles in vaccine immunogenicity.